Locations

Where we work

Countries and cities across Europe, the Balkans, North America and the Gulf — with what actually differs in each, rather than the same page with a name swapped.

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The craft does not change between markets. What changes is the law, the language, the payment habits and the buying culture, and those change enough that a campaign or a system built for one country frequently fails in another for reasons that are invisible from outside it.

Each country page sets out what actually differs: the data protection and marketing consent regime, the invoicing obligations, the accessibility position, the payment methods people use, the cities where demand concentrates and the sectors that buy. Several of these are the difference between a system that works and one that cannot legally be used.

We deliberately do not publish a page for every combination of service and location. Generating the cross-product of every service and every country would produce hundreds of near-identical pages — the doorway pattern, which carries manual-action risk and which we will not build. One axis is multiplied here, and every page carries something that could not have been templated.

European Union

Austria

German-speaking, smaller and more conservative than Germany, with unusually strict rules on unsolicited marketing and a natural bridge into Central and South-Eastern Europe.

Belgium

Three official languages in a country the size of a large region, mandatory B2B e-invoicing from 2026, and the institutional centre of the European Union.

Bulgaria

Cyrillic script with real technical consequences, a substantial IT outsourcing sector, and a currency transition in progress.

Croatia

Real-time transaction fiscalisation, tourism seasonality more extreme than almost anywhere in Europe, and a recent euro changeover.

Cyprus

Greek script alongside English business language, a large CySEC-regulated investment sector, and a significant shipping registry.

Czechia

Central Europe’s most industrialised economy, a strong domestic technology sector, and a search market where a local player still outranks Google for some queries.

Estonia

The most digitally advanced public administration in Europe, a startup density out of all proportion to its size, and a language related to Finnish rather than to its Baltic neighbours.

France

A large, protected market where the French language is a legal requirement rather than a courtesy, and where the data regulator sets the European tone.

Germany

The largest economy in Europe, the strictest marketing consent rules in it, and a Mittelstand that buys systems rather than campaigns.

Greece

Mandatory real-time transaction reporting, an alphabet that breaks careless technical implementations, and an economy where tourism sets the calendar.

Hungary

Real-time invoice reporting to the tax authority, a language unrelated to anything nearby, and a strong automotive and services base.

Ireland

English-speaking EU access, the European headquarters of most large technology companies, and a data protection authority with outsized influence.

Italy

Europe’s most advanced mandatory e-invoicing regime, an assertive data regulator, and an industrial base of small manufacturers with world-class products and dated systems.

Latvia

The middle Baltic state, with a significant Russian-speaking population, a transit and logistics economy, and a language unrelated to either neighbour.

Lithuania

The largest Baltic state, an outsized fintech licensing hub, and world-class niches in lasers and life sciences.

Luxembourg

Three official languages, a financial sector regulator with strict outsourcing rules, and a workforce that mostly lives in another country.

Malta

English-speaking EU access, a very large remote gaming sector, and the constraints of operating on a small island.

Netherlands

A small, dense, highly digital market with excellent English, strict cookie enforcement, and one payment method that matters more than all the others combined.

Poland

The largest economy in Central Europe, a serious engineering talent base, and a national e-invoicing system that every billing integration has to speak.

Portugal

A fast-growing technology market with certified-invoicing-software rules that catch foreign builders out, and strong English proficiency in the technology sector.

Romania

One of the EU’s most demanding electronic reporting regimes, a very large IT services sector, and fast-growing domestic e-commerce.

Slovakia

The most automotive-dependent economy in Europe per capita, eKasa fiscal reporting, and a language close enough to Czech to be misleading.

Slovenia

Small, wealthy by regional standards, with fiscal invoice verification and an export manufacturing base punching above its size.

Spain

A large market with an unusually active data regulator, four co-official languages, and invoicing software rules that catch most foreign suppliers by surprise.

Liechtenstein

An EEA member using the Swiss franc: GDPR applies, payments run on Swiss rails, finance dominates, and a small resident population works alongside thousands of daily commuters.

Switzerland

Outside the EU but tightly bound to it: its own data protection law, four national languages, TWINT at checkout and a German that drops the ß.

Denmark

Small, wealthy and thoroughly digital, with a bookkeeping law that quietly forces most businesses to modernise their systems.

Finland

Deeply engineering-led, quietly among Europe’s most digital, and linguistically unlike every other market in this list.

Iceland

A very small domestic market with an outsized export sector, cheap renewable power, and a language that resists every shortcut.

Norway

Wealthy, digital and inside the single market without being in the EU — which changes the legal plumbing more than most suppliers expect.

Sweden

High digital maturity, near-universal BankID, flat decision-making that takes longer than it looks, and buyers who distrust overstatement.

Albania

An EU candidate with e-invoicing already mandatory, a coast in the middle of a tourism boom, a large diaspora abroad and a digital government most of Europe would envy.

Kosovo

Europe’s youngest population, using the euro, with a diaspora in Germany and Switzerland that shapes spending, hiring and even the languages its call centres speak.

North Macedonia

An EU candidate with two official languages in two scripts, a strong IT outsourcing sector and industrial zones that brought global manufacturers to Skopje.

Canada

Similar to the United States on the surface and materially different underneath: the strictest anti-spam law in the developed world, and a province with real language legislation.

United States

The largest and most competitive market here, with no single privacy law, real accessibility litigation risk, and search auctions that punish generic positioning.

Bahrain

The Gulf’s most regulator-friendly small market: one financial authority, an in-country cloud region, a mature fintech sandbox and a causeway to Saudi Arabia.

Kuwait

A high-spending, highly connected consumer market where KNET carries payments, Instagram carries retail, and ownership rules shape how foreign firms can operate.

Oman

A steadier, more deliberate Gulf market built around ports, logistics and tourism, with a data protection law now in force and a workforce policy that shapes delivery.

Qatar

A small, wealthy market where the entity’s licence decides the rules, Arabic carries consumer trust, and the working week still runs Sunday to Thursday.

Saudi Arabia

The largest economy in the Gulf, rebuilding itself on a deadline — with an enforced data protection law, mandatory e-invoicing and Arabic as the language of the market.

United Arab Emirates

Three data protection regimes in one country, a working week that is not the one your scheduler assumes, and WhatsApp as the primary commercial channel.

Cities

39 cities where demand concentrates, each covering the local districts, clusters and the factors that change how an engagement runs.

Berlin, Germany

Germany’s startup capital: the most English-tolerant business culture in the country, the deepest venture funding, and a talent market that is genuinely difficult.

Amsterdam, Netherlands

International headquarters, a dense fintech and scale-up population, and the most expensive commercial market in the Netherlands by a wide margin.

Paris, France

Around a third of French GDP, the largest startup ecosystem in continental Europe, and a market where French is a legal requirement rather than a courtesy.

Stockholm, Sweden

One of Europe’s most productive startup ecosystems per capita, near-universal BankID, and a buying culture that punishes overstatement.

Copenhagen, Denmark

Flat hierarchies, fast decisions, exacting design standards, and a public sector that digitised early enough to raise everyone’s expectations.

Oslo, Norway

High costs that make automation pay back faster than anywhere in Europe, near-universal BankID and Vipps, and EEA rather than EU legal footing.

Dublin, Ireland

The European base for much of the global technology industry, sitting alongside a domestic SME economy that buys completely differently.

New York, United States

The most expensive advertising market in the world, the densest agency competition anywhere, and genuine ADA accessibility exposure.

Toronto, Canada

Canada’s financial and technology centre, with AODA accessibility obligations that apply widely and anti-spam rules stricter than anything in the United States.

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

A regional hub where the free zone a client sits in changes the rules, WhatsApp carries most commercial conversation, and speed is a qualifying criterion.

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

The capital and the money: sovereign investors, a government that buys at scale, ADGM with its own law, and a slower, more formal rhythm than Dubai.

ADGM, United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi’s international financial centre, applying English common law directly, with its own data protection regime, a pioneering virtual asset framework and the Hub71 start-up community.

Ajman, United Arab Emirates

The smallest emirate and one of the busiest for small companies: cheap licences, affordable homes, medical universities and a population that works in the emirates next door.

Barcelona, Spain

A bilingual city that sells to the world: start-ups in 22@, the world’s biggest mobile congress, fashion and pharma headquarters, a busy port, and tourism on a scale that shapes everything else.

Brussels, Belgium

Belgium’s capital and the administrative heart of the European Union: institutions, associations, public affairs firms, consultancies and a bilingual city where French, Dutch and English all matter.

DIFC, United Arab Emirates

A financial centre with its own laws, its own courts and its own data protection regime — including rules for AI processing — sitting in the middle of Dubai.

Doha, Qatar

Qatar’s capital and almost its whole economy: West Bay towers, a financial centre with its own rules, a heritage souq, world sporting events and buyers who are frequently the state.

Frankfurt, Germany

Europe’s central banking city and one of its data capitals: supervisors, banks and fintechs downtown, data centres on the east side, and an airport that moves freight for half the continent.

Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

The only emirate facing the open ocean: a world-scale bunkering and storage port, a free zone full of remote-run companies, and a coast built for divers and beach holidays.

Geneva, Switzerland

International Geneva: United Nations agencies and NGOs, private banks and commodity traders, watchmakers and fragrance houses, all working in Swiss French and expecting absolute discretion.

Hamburg, Germany

Germany’s gateway to the world: a giant port, shipping lines and freight forwarders, the country’s media and advertising capital, big e-commerce and consumer brands, and aircraft built on the Elbe.

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia’s trading city by the sea: a huge port, merchant family groups, millions of pilgrims passing through, a UNESCO-listed old town and a calendar that now includes Formula 1 and a film festival.

Kuwait City, Kuwait

Kuwait’s capital and commercial centre: major banks and investment companies, the oil sector, high consumer spending, a strong social commerce culture and a market where KNET, Arabic content and personal relationships matter.

Lisbon, Portugal

Portugal’s capital and its main business market: a start-up and nearshoring hub, the home of Web Summit, a tourism engine and a property market watched by buyers from around the world.

Madrid, Spain

Spain’s capital and its corporate command centre: bank, telecom and construction headquarters, the bridge to Latin America, a government that buys digital services, and one of Europe’s growing data centre regions.

Manama, Bahrain

Bahrain’s capital and financial centre: banks, insurers and fintechs regulated by the Central Bank of Bahrain, a cloud-first government, a gateway to Saudi Arabia across the causeway and a compact market where relationships move quickly.

Milan, Italy

Italy’s engine room: the stock exchange and banks, fashion and design houses that set global trends, the country’s biggest trade fairs, a start-up scene and thousands of manufacturers across Lombardy.

Munich, Germany

Germany’s richest big city: car makers, the world’s largest insurers, a dense tech and engineering community, and buyers who read every line of a proposal.

Muscat, Oman

Oman’s capital and its main commercial market: ministries and state companies, banks and telecoms, a growing tourism sector and businesses adapting to Vision 2040, Omanisation and a national data protection law.

Pristina, Kosovo

A young, caffeinated capital: German-speaking support centres, software teams working for European clients, embassies and NGOs, and a city that doubles in energy when the diaspora comes home in summer.

Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates

Mountains, beaches and factories: an emirate betting on tourism and integrated resorts while its industrial exporters and free zone quietly carry the economy.

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The capital of a country rebuilding on a deadline: regional headquarters arriving, ministries buying at scale, a financial district rising, a city preparing for Expo 2030, and a young audience that lives on its phones.

Rome, Italy

Italy’s capital of government, energy and history: ministries digitising their services, national champions in energy and aerospace, United Nations food agencies, film studios, and visitors from every country on earth.

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

The UAE’s cultural and family emirate: more conservative than Dubai, a manufacturing and logistics base, a university city, and home to many of the people who work next door.

Skopje, North Macedonia

A capital of two languages and two scripts, with software firms selling to the world, foreign manufacturers in its industrial zones and a centre rebuilt in marble and bronze.

Tirana, Albania

Albania’s fast-changing capital: new towers on the skyline, call centres speaking Italian, a young tech scene, and businesses selling to buyers who often live abroad.

Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates

The quietest emirate: mangroves, lagoons and archaeology, a free trade zone that licenses companies cheaply, and a residential market growing because it is not Dubai.

Vienna, Austria

The gateway to Central and Eastern Europe: regional headquarters, banks with networks across the region, United Nations offices, a strong life sciences cluster and a German all its own.

Zurich, Switzerland

Switzerland’s financial and technology capital: banks, insurers, big-tech engineering offices and a university that feeds them, all expecting Swiss precision in everything.

What to check before entering a market

Six questions that determine most of the cost and most of the risk of operating in a new country. Each country page answers them specifically.

Which consent regime applies?: Opt-in, opt-out or something narrower, and whether business contacts are treated differently from consumers. This determines whether an existing email programme can be used at all.
What do people pay with?: iDEAL, Bancontact, BLIK, MobilePay, Swish, Multibanco, Interac. A card-only checkout underperforms in most of these markets and the cause is invisible from a funnel report.
Is there an invoicing mandate?: Italy, Romania, Hungary, France, Germany, Belgium and others operate national platforms or reporting obligations. A conventional invoice does not satisfy them.
Is the language a legal requirement or a preference?: In France and Quebec it is a legal question. In Germany and Italy it is commercially decisive. In the Netherlands and the Nordics, English is workable for B2B.
What is the accessibility position?: The European Accessibility Act reaches many private services from June 2025, Norway has had domestic obligations for years, and the United States has active litigation risk.
Where must the data live?: Public-sector and regulated procurement frequently specifies national or EU processing, and Norway and Iceland sit inside the EEA rather than the EU.

How we work across markets

Remotely as standard, with travel for discovery workshops, on-site process audits and the first meeting where a market’s business culture genuinely benefits from one — which in Italy, France and the Gulf it does.

We commission native writing, translation and typesetting for every customer-facing language rather than publishing machine translation. It is identifiable to native readers and it costs more in credibility than it saves in fees.

We do not give legal advice. The regulatory summaries on these pages describe how we scope and build and are current to our latest review; where a project turns on a question of law we will say so and recommend local counsel rather than improvising an opinion.

A note on the regulatory summaries. They describe how we scope and build, they are current to our latest review, and they are not legal advice. Rules change, implementation dates move, and applicability depends on facts about your business we do not know. Where a project turns on one of these points we will say so and recommend local counsel.

The country pages are deliberately uneven in length, because the markets are uneven in complexity. Germany, France and the UAE have more that genuinely differs than Malta or Luxembourg do, and padding the shorter ones to match would make them less useful rather than more.

Questions

Do you have offices in these countries?

No. We work remotely and travel for workshops and discovery. We would rather say that plainly than claim a local presence we do not have, which is a common and easily checked exaggeration.

Why not a page for every service in every city?

Because it is the doorway-page pattern. Every service across every country is hundreds of near-identical pages, it carries manual-action risk, and it produces nothing a reader values. We multiply one axis and give each page real substance.

Which markets do you know best?

The EU and the Nordics, where we work most. North America and the UAE we deliver into regularly with realistic acknowledgement of the time zone and the cultural differences.

Can you deliver in local languages?

We manage in English and commission native writing and typesetting for customer-facing content. We do not publish machine-translated marketing copy in any language.

How do you handle time zones?

Same-day working across Europe and the Gulf. North America runs on afternoon overlap, which suits project work and not engagements needing constant synchronous contact — and we say so rather than taking the work.

Do you advise on local compliance?

We build to the requirements and raise them during scoping. We are not lawyers and we will not give legal advice; where a question turns on interpretation we recommend local counsel.

Can you work in a country not listed?

Possibly. The list reflects where we have genuine working knowledge of the regulatory and commercial landscape. Beyond it we would be candid that we are learning alongside you.

Which currency do you contract in?

Usually euros, or the local currency where a client operates in it and quoting in euros would push exchange risk onto them. We would rather discuss that than default.

How current are the regulatory details?

Current to our latest review, and stated as scoping context rather than legal advice. Several of the obligations described — e-invoicing mandates in particular — have had their dates moved more than once, so confirm applicability with local advisers.

Do you charge more for cross-border work?

Not as a surcharge. Where a market genuinely requires more work — a separate locale, an e-invoicing integration, a consent rebuild — that appears as scope rather than as a premium on the same scope.

Can you handle a multi-country rollout?

Yes, and we would usually recommend sequencing rather than launching several at once. Each market carries its own consent, payment, language and invoicing work, and three simultaneously generally means three done badly.

Not sure where to start?

Describe the problem rather than the service. We will tell you what we would do about it, and whether it is worth doing at all.

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